气缸原理：1）缸筒 缸筒的内径大小代表了气缸输出力的大小。活塞要在缸筒内做平稳的往复滑动，缸筒内表面的表面粗糙度应达到Ra0.8um。对钢管缸筒，内表面还应镀硬铬，以减小摩擦阻力和磨损，并能防止锈蚀。缸筒材质除使用高碳钢管外，还是用高强度铝合金和黄铜。小型气缸有使用不锈钢管的。带磁性开关的气缸或在耐腐蚀环境中使用的气缸，缸筒应使用不锈钢、铝合金或黄铜等材质。
　　气缸活塞上采用组合密封圈实现双向密封，活塞与活塞杆用压铆链接，不用螺母。
　2）端盖 端盖上设有进排气通口，有的还在端盖内设有缓冲机构。杆侧端盖上设有密封圈和防尘圈，以防止从活塞杆处向外漏气和防止外部灰尘混入缸内。杆侧端盖上设有导向套，以提高气缸的导向精度，承受活塞杆上少量的横向负载，减小活塞杆伸出时的下弯量，延长气缸使用寿命。导向套通常使用烧结含油合金、前倾铜铸件。端盖过去常用可锻铸铁，现在为减轻重量并防锈，常使用铝合金压铸，微型缸有使用黄铜材料的。
　3）活塞 活塞是气缸中的受压力零件。为防止活塞左右两腔相互窜气，设有活塞密封圈。活塞上的耐磨环可提高气缸的导向性，减少活塞密封圈的磨耗，减少摩擦阻力。耐磨环长使用聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、夹布合成树脂等材料。活塞的宽度由密封圈尺寸和必要的滑动部分长度来决定。滑动部分太短，易引起早期磨损和卡死。活塞的材质常用铝合金和铸铁，小型缸的活塞有黄铜制成的。
　4）活塞杆 活塞杆是气缸中zui重要的受力零件。通常使用高碳钢，表面经镀硬铬处理，或使用不锈钢，以防腐蚀，并提高密封圈的耐磨性。
　5）密封圈 回转或往复运动处的部件密封称为动密封，静止件部分的密封称为静密封。
缸筒与端盖的连接方法主要有以下几种：
　　整体型、铆接型、螺纹联接型、法兰型、拉杆型。
　6）气缸工作时要靠压缩空气中的油雾对活塞进行润滑。也有小部分免润滑气                                       费斯托部分产品型号：LFMBA-1/2-D-MAXI-A
LFMBA-1/8-D-MINI-DA
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FRC-1/8-D-5M-MINI-A
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FRC-3/8-D-5M-MINI-A             费斯托FESTO三联件
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FRC-1/2-D-MAXI-KE-A    FESTO上海
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FRC-3/8-D-7-O-MINI            费斯托质量保证
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